Darrell Arnold, Ma Nineteenth-century Life Sciences and Hegel's Organic View of Systems
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Special: Biotech in Russia
Traditions of Russian fundamental and applied life sciences go back to the last third of the nineteenth century, the reign of “Tzar-Liberator” Alexander II. Basic scientific schools in organic chemistry and life sciences appeared in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Kiev, and Warshaw. Since then, Russian bioscience and biotechnology has experienced rises and falls together with the whole country.
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